Total Station Surveying

Total Station Surveying

Introduction:

The total station is a type of surveying instrument that can measure horizontal and vertical angles. It consists of a tripod, two or more rulers, an altitude bar with a scale on it, and one or more instruments that are mounted on the scales. The total station is a type of surveying instrument that measures distance, direction, and elevation. The term was first used in the late 19th century to describe instruments that combined all three measurements into one device.

The total station is a type of surveying instrument that measures distance, direction, and elevation. The term was first used in the late 19th century to describe instruments that combined all three measurements into one device. The total station is a common surveying tool that measures the height of objects from above. The basic idea behind measuring an object with a total station is to determine its height. To do this, you use a goniometer and triangulation, which involves moving two stations around to find the highest point on your object.

Types of Total Station:

There are three types of Total Station, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. The first is the basic total station which has a single screen that displays the celestial coordinates as well as azimuth and elevation data. The second type of total station is called a dual-axis total station. This unit features two screens, one for the azimuth ring and another for the elevation ring. Finally, there are dual-row total stations that feature an azimuth wheel on one side of the device along with an elevation wheel on the other side. These devices allow you to easily switch between measuring horizontal angles or vertical angles without having to turn your eyes from one screen to another.

1. Mechanical Total Stations:

Mechanical Total Station

Mechanical all outstations are solid and exact, and they make studying fast and simple. They don't offer controller activity and computerized highlights; notwithstanding, the activity regularly requires two individuals.

 

2. Robotic Total Stations:

Robotic Total Stations (RTS) are an uncommon special case for this problem. RTS can furnish effective advantages with insignificant fights. It is additionally a direct innovation, with a make way to execution. Here are only a couple of its advantages:

a.     More precise estimations

b.     More prominent efficiency

c.     Fewer errors

d.     Decreased revise

e.     Better Quality Assurance

3. Prism Total Stations:

Both the mechanical and automated all-outstations go under crystal models. These absolute stations are more conventional than the over two models, and they are even more ordinarily utilized. This Total station use crystals to reflect infrared waves and afterward decides points and distance by estimating the crystal's area.

Employments of Total Station in Surveying

Followings are significant absolute station utilizes in the field of study,

1. Distance Measuring

One of the fundamental occupations of the Total station is distance estimating. It is very much used for distance assessment by using a directed carrier infrared sign. This sign can find out the distance after it is reflected back by the article under review.

Such infrared carrier signal is brought out by the Total station using a solid-state maker and the interpretation of the reflected sign is finished by using the handling chip inbuilt in the Total station itself.

 

2. Point Measurement

The main usage of the Total station is the estimations of points between two places. These exact assessments are done by using the electrical and optical separating plan of the telescope.

This system is outfitted with turning glass that contains the scanner focal points. In the advanced Total stations, readings are clearly recorded and taken care of in the important memory of the Total station. The recorded data saved in memory can be moved to a PC for definite planning.

3. Co-ordinate Determinations

It is furthermore a huge utilization of the Total station is to choose the region of the fundamental field. For instance, the Total station can be used to figure the X, Y, Z directions of any place.

4. Mining

Before the commencement of any mining work, mining study work should be done. The Total station is a huge instrument used hence.

5. Structural Engineering Construction Works

Practically a wide range of structural designing development and related work should be possible utilizing the all-out station. It tends to be utilized for making guides and arrangements, outlining the property lines, land looking over, deciding the arrangement of streets, spans, burrows, and so on.

Safety measures to be Taken While Using Total Station

The accompanying insurances should be taken while utilizing a complete station on the field,

a.     The absolute station should be dealt with appropriately and held by two hands.

b.     The mount should be hung on a steady surface quite far and practicable.

c.     The charged battery pack should be kept alongside the battery released.

d.     The stand with the absolute station mounted on it should not be conveyed starting with one station then onto the next station.

e.     When the tribrach has been taken out from the absolute station, it ought to be taken care of cautiously.

Advantages of Total station:

1.         Quick assortment of data.

2.         Multiple studies can be performed at one setup area.

3.         Easy to perform distance and even estimations.

4.         Layout of building site rapidly and proficiently.

5.         Digital plan information from CAD projects can be transferred to the information authority.

6.         Daily study data can likewise be idiosyncratically downloaded into CAD. Which dispenses with information control time required utilizing customary study procedures.

Disadvantages of Total station:

1.         Elevation of a point may not be exact similarly as with evening out the instrument.

2.         Horizontal coordinates are determined on a rectangular network framework. However, assuming should be on spheroid and rectangular coordinates and should be changed to geographic coordinates.